ব্যাখ্যা
Identifying the type of verb is a foundational grammar skill tested across competitive exams.
Definition of Intransitive Verb:
An intransitive verb is a verb that does not require a direct object to complete its meaning. The action does not pass on to any receiver.
Analysis:
"Someone sneezed loudly at the back of the hall"
— Subject: Someone
— Verb: Sneezed
— Is there an object? No — you cannot sneeze something
— The verb is complete by itself → Intransitive
Test: Can you ask "sneezed what?" — No. Therefore intransitive.
Other intransitive verbs in English:
— laugh, cry, sleep, sit, arrive, fall, rise, die, smile
Contrasting with transitive:
— "She opened the door." (Opened what? The door → transitive)
— "He ate the apple." (Ate what? The apple → transitive)
✗ Causative: Causes someone else to do an action (e.g., made, let, had)
✗ Transitive: Requires a direct object
✗ Factitive: Takes both an object and an object complement
Source: English Grammar in Use — Raymond Murphy; A Practical English Grammar — Thomson & Martinet.